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k8s的核心概念
Master
k8s集群的管理节点，负责管理集群，提供集群的资源数据访问入口。
拥有Etcd存储服务（可选），运行Api Server进程，Controller Manager服务进程及Scheduler服务进程，关联工作节点Node。
Kubernetes API server提供HTTP Rest接口的关键服务进程是Kubernetes里所有资源的增、删、改、查等操作的唯一入口也是
集群控制的入口进程Kubernetes Controller Manager是Kubernetes所有资源对象的自动化控制中心；
Kubernetes Schedule是负责资源调度（Pod调度）的进程
Node
Node是Kubernetes集群架构中运行Pod的服务节点（亦叫agent或minion）。
Node是Kubernetes集群操作的单元，用来承载被分配Pod的运行，是Pod运行的宿主机。
关联Master管理节点，拥有名称和IP、系统资源信息。运行docker eninge服务，守护进程kunelet及负载均衡器kube-proxy.
每个Node节点都运行着以下一组关键进程
kubelet：负责对Pod对于的容器的创建、启停等任务
kube-proxy：实现Kubernetes Service的通信与负载均衡机制的重要组件
Docker Engine（Docker）：Docker引擎，负责本机容器的创建和管理工作
Node节点可以在运行期间动态增加到Kubernetes集群中，默认情况下，kubelet会想master注册自己，这也是Kubernetes推荐的
Node管理方式，kubelet进程会定时向Master汇报自身情报，如操作系统、Docker版本、CPU和内存，以及有哪些Pod在运行等等，
这样Master可以获知每个Node节点的资源使用情况，并实现高效均衡的资源调度策略。
运行于Node节点上，若干相关容器的组合。
Pod内包含的容器运行在同一宿主机上，使用相同的网络命名空间、IP地址和端口，能够通过localhost进行通。
Pod是Kurbernetes进行创建、调度和管理的最小单位，它提供了比容器更高层次的抽象，使得部署和管理更加灵活。
一个Pod可以包含一个容器或者多个相关容器。
Pod其实有两种类型：普通Pod和静态Pod，后者比较特殊，它并不存在Kubernetes的etcd存储中，而是存放在某个
具体的Node上的一个具体文件中，并且只在此Node上启动。普通Pod一旦被创建，就会被放入etcd存储中，随后会
被Kubernetes Master调度到摸个具体的Node上进行绑定，随后该Pod被对应的Node上的kubelet进程实例化成一组
相关的Docker容器冰启动起来，在。在默认情况下，当Pod里的某个容器停止时，Kubernetes会自动检测到这个问
起并且重启这个Pod（重启Pod里的所有容器），如果Pod所在的Node宕机，则会将这个Node上的所有Pod重新调度到其他节点上
Replication Controller
Replication Controller用来管理Pod的副本，保证集群中存在指定数量的Pod副本。
集群中副本的数量大于指定数量，则会停止指定数量之外的多余容器数量，反之，则会启动少于指定数量个数的容器，保证数量不变。
Replication Controller是实现弹性伸缩、动态扩容和滚动升级的核心。
Service
Service定义了Pod的逻辑集合和访问该集合的策略，是真实服务的抽象。
Service提供了一个统一的服务访问入口以及服务代理和发现机制，关联多个相同Label的Pod，用户不需要了解后台Pod是如何运行。
环境：
master.k8s 192.168.0.20
node1.k8s 192.168.0.21
node2.k8s 192.168.0.22
前提：
1、基于主机名通信：/etc/hosts；
192.168.0.20 master.k8s
192.168.0.21 node1.k8s
192.168.0.22 node2.k8s
2、时间同步；
3、关闭firewalld和iptables.service；
OS：CentOS 7.3.1611, Extras仓库中；
安装配置步骤：
1、etcd cluster，仅master节点；
2、flannel，集群的所有节点；
3、配置k8s的master：仅master节点；
kubernetes-master
启动的服务：
kube-apiserver, kube-scheduler, kube-controller-manager
4、配置k8s的各Node节点；
kubernetes-node
先设定启动docker服务；
启动的k8s的服务：
kube-proxy, kubelet
使用kubeadm安装部署kubernetes集群：
前提：
1、各节点时间同步；
2、各节点主机名称解析：dns OR hosts；
3、各节点iptables及firewalld服务被disable；
一、设置各节点安装程序包
1、生成yum仓库配置
先获取docker-ce的配置仓库配置文件：
# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
生成kubernetes的yum仓库配置文件/etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo，内容如下：
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
enabled=1
2、安装相关的程序包
[root@master ~]# yum install docker-ce kubelet kubeadm kubectl
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://je18uwqu.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
二、初始化主节点
1、配置docker Unit File中的Environment变量，定义其HTTPS_PROXY，或者事先导入所需要的镜像文件；
第一种方式：利用代理ip
[root@master ~]# sed -i '10i Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=http://www.ik8s.io:10080" ' /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
第二种方式： # docker load master-component-imgs.gz
第三种方式：使用其它第三方仓库的镜像，然后tag一下。
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@master ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 18.09.0
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: c4446665cb9c30056f4998ed953e6d4ff22c7c39
runc version: 4fc53a81fb7c994640722ac585fa9ca548971871
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.81GiB
Name: master.k8s
ID: X7DH:5MK5:AN5J:EPJD:Q7RX:EBLI:5INN:2VP2:FCW3:TPKH:RQDG:TGW4
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
HTTPS Proxy: http://www.ik8s.io:10080
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@master ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
1
[root@master ~]# cat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables
1
2、编辑kubelet的配置文件/etc/sysconfig/kubelet，设置其忽略Swap启用的状态错误，内容如下：
KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--fail-swap-on=false"
#开启services ipvs模式(非必须)
KUBE_PROXY_MODE=ipvs
ip_vs, ip_vs_rr, ip_vs_wrr, ip_vs_sh, nf_conntrack_ipv4
3、设定docker和kubelet开机自启动：
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable docker kubelet
[root@master ~]# systemctl is-enabled docker kubelet
enabled
enabled
4、初始化master节点：
# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.11.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
-
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swape,NumCPU
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.13.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.0. Latest validated version: 18.06
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables contents are not set to 1
[ERROR Swap]: running with swap on is not supported. Please disable swap
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
[root@master ~]# swapoff -a
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 serviccidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swape,NumCPU
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6: output: Error response from daemon: Get https://k8s.gcr.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
, error: exit status 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
报错原因：Google的仓库不能访问。
解决方法：去下载其地方的镜像
[root@master Kubernetes]# kubeadm config images list
I1211 22:08:11.535531 10113 version.go:94] could not fetch a Kubernetes version from the internet: unable to get URL "https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable-1.txt": Get https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/stable-1.txt: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)
I1211 22:08:11.535714 10113 version.go:95] falling back to the local client version: v1.13.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/pause:3.1
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/etcd:3.2.24
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/coredns:1.2.6
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/etcd:3.2.24 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/baizhuanshuang/coredns:1.2.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6
[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.13.0 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swape,NumCPU
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.13.0
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING NumCPU]: the number of available CPUs 1 is less than the required 2
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.0. Latest validated version: 18.06
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [master.k8s kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.0.20]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [master.k8s localhost] and IPs [192.168.0.20 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [master.k8s localhost] and IPs [192.168.0.20 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 39.513372 seconds
[uploadconfig] storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.13" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "master.k8s" as an annotation
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master.k8s as control-plane by adding the label "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master.k8s as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: clg6u7.uew37hd06alm7gnh
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstraptoken] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstraptoken] creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes master has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
You can now join any number of machines by running the following on each node
as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.0.20:6443 --token o3q465.cp71qq0uam2qxz3d --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:079253fc46bf505da4732ef306a73c4dd0d954eff2d0ca52f3ade4f4e930a6dd
如果集群错误，可以重置：kubeadm reset
ifconfig cni0 down
ip link delete cni0
ifconfig flannel.1 down
ip link delete flannel.1
rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
注意：请记录最后的kubeadm join命令的全部内容。
[root@master ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:10248 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:10249 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.20:2379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:2379 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:10251 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 192.168.0.20:2380 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:10252 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:35383 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10250 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::6443 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10256 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10257 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::10259 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
[root@master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master ~]# cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
#查看集群状态
5、初始化kubectl
# mkdir ~/.kube
# cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ~/.kube/
测试：
[root@master ~]# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
[root@master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.k8s NotReady master 10h v1.13.0
#NotReady表示集群未就绪，因为fannel网络镜像还没有初始化
6、添加flannel网络附件
[root@master ~]#wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
[root@master ~]#vim kube-flannel.yml
[root@master ~]# vim kube-flannel.yml
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
- --iface=ens33 #这里要指定一下本地的网卡信息，否则dns无法解析
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/flannel created
serviceaccount/flannel created
configmap/kube-flannel-cfg created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-amd64 created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-arm64 created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-arm created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le created
daemonset.extensions/kube-flannel-ds-s390x created
[root@master ~]# docker images|grep flannel
quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.10.0-amd64 f0fad859c909 10 months ago 44.6MB
7、验正master节点已经就绪
[root@master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.k8s Ready master 11h v1.13.0
[root@master ~]# kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
default Active 11h
kube-public Active 11h
kube-system Active 11h
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
coredns-86c58d9df4-bcph4 1/1 Running 0 11h
coredns-86c58d9df4-t9445 1/1 Running 0 11h
etcd-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h
kube-apiserver-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h
kube-controller-manager-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-k28cx 1/1 Running 0 6m26s
kube-proxy-lkjpd 1/1 Running 0 11h
kube-scheduler-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
kube-system coredns-86c58d9df4-kwr27 1/1 Running 0 4m39s 10.244.0.2 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system coredns-86c58d9df4-plvw2 1/1 Running 0 4m39s 10.244.0.3 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system etcd-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 3m52s 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system kube-apiserver-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 4m1s 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system kube-controller-manager-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 4m4s 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system kube-flannel-ds-amd64-5s5s5 1/1 Running 0 27s 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system kube-proxy-knmbg 1/1 Running 0 4m39s 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-system kube-scheduler-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 3m54s 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
三、添加节点到集群中
node1节点：
[root@node1 ~]# yum install docker-ce kubelet kubeadm kubectl
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl enable docker kubelet
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl is-enabled docker kubelet
enabled
enabled
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@node1 ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
#登录自定义的k8s仓库
[root@node1 ~]# docker login --username=136856246@qq.com registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
#拉取镜像
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/pause:3.1
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/etcd:3.2.24
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/coredns:1.2.6
#修改tag
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/etcd:3.2.24 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/coredns:1.2.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6
[root@node1 ~]# docker images|grep gcr
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.1 7f0b4eec8ca3 42 hours ago 742kB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.13.0 2962c00d86a0 42 hours ago 79.6MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.13.0 a45e89f6a343 42 hours ago 80.2MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.13.0 49e8d13421ab 42 hours ago 181MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.2.24 8f2fba290c70 42 hours ago 220MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.13.0 c29fb5c95c62 42 hours ago 146MB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns 1.2.6 b1526d1ab00a 42 hours ago 40MB
[root@node1 ~]# swapoff -a
[root@node1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.0.20:6443 --token o3q465.cp71qq0uam2qxz3d --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:079253fc46bf505da4732ef306a73c4dd0d954eff2d0ca52f3ade4f4e930a6dd
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.0. Latest validated version: 18.06
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "192.168.0.20:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://192.168.0.20:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://192.168.0.20:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "192.168.0.20:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "192.168.0.20:6443"
[join] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[join] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.13" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "node1.k8s" as an annotation
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.k8s Ready master 11h v1.13.0
node1.k8s NotReady <none> 4m32s v1.13.0
#NotReady是因为node1节点还在初始化fannel镜像
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide # 查看pods及运行节点
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-86c58d9df4-bcph4 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.2 master.k8s <none> <none>
coredns-86c58d9df4-t9445 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.3 master.k8s <none> <none>
etcd-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c2mv4 0/1 Init:0/1 0 4m45s 192.168.0.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-k28cx 1/1 Running 0 33m 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-proxy-lkjpd 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-proxy-qwp5b 1/1 Running 0 4m45s 192.168.0.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-86c58d9df4-bcph4 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.2 master.k8s <none> <none>
coredns-86c58d9df4-t9445 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.3 master.k8s <none> <none>
etcd-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c2mv4 0/1 Init:ImagePullBackOff 0 5m51s 192.168.0.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-k28cx 1/1 Running 0 34m 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-proxy-lkjpd 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-proxy-qwp5b 1/1 Running 0 5m51s 192.168.0.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
coredns-86c58d9df4-bcph4 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.2 master.k8s <none> <none>
coredns-86c58d9df4-t9445 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.0.3 master.k8s <none> <none>
etcd-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-apiserver-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-controller-manager-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-c2mv4 1/1 Running 0 6m3s 192.168.0.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-k28cx 1/1 Running 0 34m 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-proxy-lkjpd 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
kube-proxy-qwp5b 1/1 Running 0 6m3s 192.168.0.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
kube-scheduler-master.k8s 1/1 Running 0 11h 192.168.0.20 master.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.k8s Ready master 11h v1.13.0
node1.k8s Ready <none> 6m19s v1.13.0
node2节点初始化
[root@node2 ~]# yum install docker-ce kubelet kubeadm kubectl
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl enable docker kubelet
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/kubelet.service to /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl is-enabled docker kubelet
enabled
enabled
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-ip6tables: 没有那个文件或目录
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl start docker
[root@node2 ~]# sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
[root@node2 ~]# docker login --username=136856246@qq.com registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com
Password:
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store
Login Succeeded
#拉取镜像
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-apiserver:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/pause:3.1
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/etcd:3.2.24
docker pull registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/coredns:1.2.6
#重新tag
[root@node2 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.13.0
[root@node2 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.13.0
[root@node2 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/kube-proxy:v1.13.0 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.13.0
[root@node2 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
[root@node2 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/etcd:3.2.24 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.2.24
[root@node2 ~]# docker tag registry.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com/lzh_k8s/coredns:1.2.6 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.2.6
[root@node2 ~]# swapoff -a
[root@node2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.0.20:6443 --token o3q465.cp71qq0uam2qxz3d --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:079253fc46bf505da4732ef306a73c4dd0d954eff2d0ca52f3ade4f4e930a6dd
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 18.09.0. Latest validated version: 18.06
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "node2.k8s" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "node2.k8s": lookup node2.k8s on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "192.168.0.20:6443"
[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://192.168.0.20:6443"
[discovery] Requesting info from "https://192.168.0.20:6443" again to validate TLS against the pinned public key
[discovery] Cluster info signature and contents are valid and TLS certificate validates against pinned roots, will use API Server "192.168.0.20:6443"
[discovery] Successfully established connection with API Server "192.168.0.20:6443"
[join] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[join] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml'
[kubelet] Downloading configuration for the kubelet from the "kubelet-config-1.13" ConfigMap in the kube-system namespace
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Activating the kubelet service
[tlsbootstrap] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[patchnode] Uploading the CRI Socket information "/var/run/dockershim.sock" to the Node API object "node2.k8s" as an annotation
This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the master to see this node join the cluster.
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
master.k8s Ready master 11h v1.13.0
node1.k8s Ready <none> 21m v1.13.0
node2.k8s Ready <none> 4m42s v1.13.0
四、kubectl管理命令
1、查看节点信息
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe node node1.k8s
Name: node1.k8s
Roles: <none>
Labels: beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64
beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux
kubernetes.io/hostname=node1.k8s
Annotations: flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-data: {"VtepMAC":"96:24:70:fa:36:e1"}
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/backend-type: vxlan
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/kube-subnet-manager: true
flannel.alpha.coreos.com/public-ip: 192.168.0.21
kubeadm.alpha.kubernetes.io/cri-socket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
node.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: 0
volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach: true
CreationTimestamp: Wed, 12 Dec 2018 11:08:45 +0800
Taints: <none>
Unschedulable: false
[root@master ~]# kubectl version #查看版本
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"13", GitVersion:"v1.13.0", GitCommit:"ddf47ac13c1a9483ea035a79cd7c10005ff21a6d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-12-03T21:04:45Z", GoVersion:"go1.11.2", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"13", GitVersion:"v1.13.0", GitCommit:"ddf47ac13c1a9483ea035a79cd7c10005ff21a6d", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2018-12-03T20:56:12Z", GoVersion:"go1.11.2", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@master ~]# kubectl cluster-info #查看集群信息
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.0.20:6443
KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.0.20:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy
2、测试 dns
[root@master ~]# kubectl run curl --image=radial/busyboxplus:curl -it
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (112.34.112.41): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 112.34.112.41: seq=0 ttl=50 time=43.305 ms
64 bytes from 112.34.112.41: seq=1 ttl=50 time=43.064 ms
64 bytes from 112.34.112.41: seq=2 ttl=50 time=43.737 ms
--- www.baidu.com ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 43.064/43.597/44.026 ms
解析测试svc名称
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ nslookup kubernetes.default
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: kubernetes.default
Address 1: 10.96.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
3、创建deployment
Usage:
kubectl run NAME --image=image [--env="key=value"] [--port=port] [--replicas=replicas] [--dry-run=bool] [--overrides=inline-json] [--command] -- [COMMAND] [args...] [options]
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx-deploy --image=nginx:1.14-alpine --port 80 --replicas=1 --dry-run=true #--dry-run=true参数不会实际创建
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy created (dry run)
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
No resources found.
[root@master ~]# kubectl run nginx-deploy --image=nginx:1.14-alpine --port 80 --replicas=1
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deploy created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deploy 0/1 1 0 9s
#创建后需要一定的时间初始化
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deploy 1/1 1 1 3m39s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-r5sz2 1/1 Running 0 5m25s 10.244.1.2 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig
cni0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1450
inet 10.244.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
inet6 fe80::6060:6dff:fefa:e15d prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 0a:58:0a:f4:01:01 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8 bytes 648 (648.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:2c:2b:d2:96 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
#node1节点创建了一个cnio网卡
[root@node1 ~]# curl -I 10.244.1.2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.2
Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2018 07:43:26 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Dec 2018 00:24:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c086c48-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@node2 ~]# curl -I 10.244.1.2 #node2也可以访问
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.2
Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2018 07:44:38 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Dec 2018 00:24:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c086c48-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@master ~]# curl -I 10.244.1.2
curl: (7) Failed connect to 10.244.1.2:80; 连接超时
注意：创建的容器可以在节点内部访问
4、删除容器
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-r5sz2 #delete 通过文件名、标准输入、资源名称或标签选择器来删除资源。
pod "nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-r5sz2" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide #删除后资源又会重新创建，但是NAME、node、IP可能会发生变化，--restart='Always'默认会重新创建
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 21m 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-prdb8 1/1 Running 0 10m 10.244.1.21 node1.k8s <none> <none>
强制删除容器：
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
client-58c9b895c-88b45 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 4 3m59s 10.244.1.12 node1.k8s <none> <none> #删除pods仍然会重建
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-mf576 1/1 Running 0 3h4m 10.244.2.3 node2.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
client 0/1 1 0 28m
nginx-deploy 1/1 1 1 4h30m
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete deployment client #删除deployment
deployment.extensions "client" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment #已经强制删除了
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
nginx-deploy 1/1 1 1 4h30m
5、创建一个Service对象暴露Deployment
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment nginx-deploy --name=nginx --port 80 --target-port=80 #（在80端口负载TCP流量）
service/nginx exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 26m
nginx ClusterIP 10.109.202.23 <none> 80/TCP 3m13s
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe service nginx
Name: nginx
Namespace: default
Labels: run=nginx-deploy
Annotations: <none>
Selector: run=nginx-deploy
Type: ClusterIP
IP: 10.109.202.23
Port: <unset> 80/TCP
TargetPort: 80/TCP
Endpoints: 10.244.1.21:80
Session Affinity: None
Events: <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get service -n kube-system #查看名称空间的dns服务
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP 16h
#进入pod
[root@master ~]# kubectl exec -it curl-66959f6557-kzsrp /bin/sh
/bin/sh: shopt: not found
[ root@curl-66959f6557-kzsrp:/ ]$
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ nslookup nginx #解析名称空间
Server: 10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
Name: nginx
Address 1: 10.109.202.23 nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ curl -I nginx
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.2
Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2018 15:36:34 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Dec 2018 00:24:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c086c48-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-prdb8
pod "nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-prdb8" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 23m 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-cf42p 1/1 Running 0 86s 10.244.2.7 node2.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get service #删除后cluster地址仍然不变
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 30m
nginx ClusterIP 10.109.202.23 <none> 80/TCP 7m5s
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ curl -I http://nginx/ #删除重建后仍然可以访问
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.14.2
Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2018 15:43:21 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Dec 2018 00:24:40 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5c086c48-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
#之所以修改名称空间后仍然可以访问，是因为标签nginx-deploy没有改变
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 11h pod-template-hash=66959f6557,run=curl
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-cf42p 1/1 Running 0 10h pod-template-hash=84cbfc56b6,run=nginx-deploy
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 11h pod-template-hash=66959f6557,run=curl
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-cf42p 1/1 Running 0 10h pod-template-hash=84cbfc56b6,run=nginx-deploy
[root@master ~]# kubectl delete pods nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-cf42p
pod "nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-cf42p" deleted
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 11h pod-template-hash=66959f6557,run=curl
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 15s pod-template-hash=84cbfc56b6,run=nginx-deploy
6、多副本负载均衡
[root@master ~]# kubectl run myapp --image=ikubernetes/myapp:v1 --replicas=2
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl run --generator=run-pod/v1 or kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/myapp created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get deployment
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
curl 1/1 1 1 11h
myapp 2/2 2 2 6m51s
nginx-deploy 1/1 1 1 11h
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 11h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth 1/1 Running 0 2m46s 10.244.2.10 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm 1/1 Running 0 8m50s 10.244.1.24 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 23m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# curl 10.244.1.24/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
[root@master ~]# curl 10.244.2.10/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth
[root@master ~]# kubectl expose deployment myapp --name=myappslb --port=80
service/myappslb exposed
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 12h
myappslb ClusterIP 10.110.68.247 <none> 80/TCP 26s
nginx ClusterIP 10.109.202.23 <none> 80/TCP 11h
[root@master ~]# curl 10.110.68.247/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
[root@master ~]# curl 10.110.68.247/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth
[root@master ~]# curl 10.110.68.247/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
[root@master ~]# curl 10.110.68.247/hostname.html
#同样可以通过名称表示访问
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ curl myappslb/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ curl myappslb/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth
#副本扩容
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale --replicas=5 deployment myapp
deployment.extensions/myapp scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide #很快就扩到了5个副本
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth 1/1 Running 0 39m 10.244.2.10 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-8vq67 1/1 Running 0 15s 10.244.1.25 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-cpqrh 1/1 Running 0 15s 10.244.1.26 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-qs5qq 1/1 Running 0 15s 10.244.2.11 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm 1/1 Running 0 45m 10.244.1.24 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 60m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ while true;do curl myappslb/hostname.html;sleep 1;done
myapp-9b4987d5-cpqrh
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
myapp-9b4987d5-qs5qq
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
myapp-9b4987d5-8vq67
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm
myapp-9b4987d5-cpqrh
myapp-9b4987d5-cpqrh
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth
myapp-9b4987d5-8vq67
myapp-9b4987d5-8vq67
#可以看到后端服务多了几个
#副本缩减
[root@master ~]# kubectl scale --replicas=2 deployment myapp
deployment.extensions/myapp scaled
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth 1/1 Running 0 41m 10.244.2.10 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-cpqrh 0/1 Terminating 0 116s 10.244.1.26 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-qs5qq 0/1 Terminating 0 116s 10.244.2.11 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm 1/1 Running 0 47m 10.244.1.24 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 62m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth 1/1 Running 0 41m 10.244.2.10 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-cpqrh 0/1 Terminating 0 2m 10.244.1.26 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm 1/1 Running 0 47m 10.244.1.24 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 62m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-6bgth 1/1 Running 0 41m 10.244.2.10 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-zmshm 1/1 Running 0 47m 10.244.1.24 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 62m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
注意：副本缩减时较缓慢
7、版本升级和回退
[root@master ~]# kubectl set image deployment myapp myapp=ikubernetes/myapp:v2 #版本升级
deployment.extensions/myapp image updated
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout status deployment myapp #已经更新完成（实际是一个一个的灰度更新）
deployment "myapp" successfully rolled out
[ root@curl-66959f6557-qxnl2:/ ]$ while true;do curl myappslb;sleep 1;done
#可以看到后端服务逐步升级到v2
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide #更新后pods都会发生改变，因为重新创建了。
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-65899575cd-q2tsp 1/1 Running 0 3m40s 10.244.2.12 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-65899575cd-z9grp 1/1 Running 0 3m36s 10.244.1.27 node1.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 75m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout undo deployment myapp #版本回退
deployment.extensions/myapp rolled back
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-65899575cd-q2tsp 1/1 Running 0 6m33s 10.244.2.12 node2.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-65899575cd-z9grp 1/1 Terminating 0 6m29s 10.244.1.27 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-4t24q 0/1 Pending 0 0s <none> node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-wc67b 1/1 Running 0 1s 10.244.2.13 node2.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 78m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
curl-66959f6557-qxnl2 1/1 Running 0 12h 10.244.1.20 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-4t24q 1/1 Running 0 17s 10.244.1.28 node1.k8s <none> <none>
myapp-9b4987d5-wc67b 1/1 Running 0 18s 10.244.2.13 node2.k8s <none> <none>
nginx-deploy-84cbfc56b6-88xdr 1/1 Running 0 78m 10.244.1.22 node1.k8s <none> <none>
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout status deployment myapp
#可以看到回退速度较快，可能是因为镜像已经下载。
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v2 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
8、修改端口映射类型
[root@master ~]# kubectl edit svc myappslb
修改：type: NodePort
service/myappslb edited
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 13h
myappslb NodePort 10.110.68.247 <none> 80:30689/TCP 69m #可以通过所有节点的宿主机ip:30689访问服务
nginx ClusterIP 10.109.202.23 <none> 80/TCP 12h
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.22:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-wc67b
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.22:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-4t24q
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.21:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-4t24q
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.21:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-4t24q
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.20:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-wc67b
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.20:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-wc67b
[root@master ~]# curl 192.168.0.20:30689/hostname.html
myapp-9b4987d5-4t24q
#所有节点都监听起来了
[root@master ~]# netstat -tnlp |grep 30689
tcp6 0 0 :::30689 :::* LISTEN 12792/kube-proxy
[root@node1 ~]# netstat -tnlp |grep 30689
tcp6 0 0 :::30689 :::* LISTEN 1869/kube-proxy
[root@node2 ~]# netstat -tnlp |grep 30689
tcp6 0 0 :::30689 :::* LISTEN 1840/kube-proxy
(责任编辑：liangzh) |